EN 12699 : Execution of special geotechnical works - Displacement piles.

This European Standard establishes the general principles for the execution of displacement piles installed without drilling or excavation, except where necessary to limit ground heave or vibrations, remove obstructions, or facilitate driving. Such piles are installed by impact driving, vibrating, jacking, screwing, or a combination of these methods. They may be made of steel, cast iron, concrete, mortar, timber, grout, or a combination of these materials. The Standard covers precast, cast-in-place, and combined piles of regular shape, installed individually or in groups, as well as concrete sheet piles. It also applies to ground improved before, during, or after pile installation and imposes only practical limitations on pile dimensions, enlargements, lengths, or inclinations. It excludes ground-improvement columns, bored piles covered by EN 1536, steel or timber sheet piles covered by EN 12063, and micropiles covered by EN 14199.