Low cost macrocapsules for the healing of large concrete cracks.

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Several self-healing mechanisms have been developed for applications in concrete. One of the most well-known is the encapsulation of a self-healing agent (resin or other). This technology requires a high level of expertise in order to overcome numerous difficulties: compatibility between the self-healing agent and the shell, watertightness of the shell, release of the self-healing agent when a crack appears in the concrete, etc. Furthermore, in the majority of cases, the quantities of self-healing agent contained in the capsules are limited and it is often difficult to obtain a healing of large cracks (>300 µm). However, such defects can be the start of more serious damage (local carbonation, water or chloride ingress, etc.) and need to be repaired quickly. To address these issues, Buildwise developed large capsules in the Capdesign project. Because of their size (several millimetres), they can carry large quantities of self-healing agent. Their design is based on simple principles using existing technologies from other applications. During their development, the influence of various compositional and manufacturing factors (viscosity of the healing agent, composition of the shell, etc) was studied, as well as the resin release processes during crack formation (rupture of the shell, release of the resin, etc). During the Smartincs project, these capsules were integrated in larger concrete specimens for additional tests. Capillary absorption and impact resistance tests were more particularly performed. In both cases, self-healing processes were observed, notably on cracks with large openings of up to 0.9 mm.